Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand Vol 95, No 6:JUNE 2012 (SUPPL. 6) 0125-2208 95 6 2012 Jun The Geographical Distribution of Allele Polymorphisms of Plasmodium vivax in Different Regions of Thailand 135 EN Varakorn Kosaisavee Ian Hastings Alister Craig Usa Lek-Uthai Original Article To investigate the genetic structure of Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite surface protein (PvCSP) and P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (PvMSP1) genes from field isolates of malaria parasites from four different regions of Thailand. The data was collected by cross-sectional survey, consisting of 273 P. vivax infected blood samples from malaria clinics in 4 different border regions of Thailand from February 2008 to February 2009. The dried blood spots were extracted for DNA and Plasmodium species confirmed by species-specific primer sets. PvCSP and PvMSP1 genes were amplified and their population genetics were analyzed by using the Heterozygosity (HE) formula, F-STAT and LIAN programs. There was considerable variation in the PvMSP1 gene within 2 fragments for which HE was 0.8303, whereas PvCSP showed low HE at 0.1418. Significant differences in allele frequencies between sites were quantified by Fst, Linkage disequilibrium (LD). The results showed PvMSP1 F2; Fst = 0.063, p = 0.07; PvMSP1 F2 RFLP pattern; Fst = 0.154, p = 0.005; PvMSP1 F3; Fst = 0.23, p = 0.005 and the overall loci showed Fst = 0.151, p = 0.005 (Fisher’s exact test). All values of Index association (ISA) were non-significant. There was no evidence of LD within the P. vivax populations. HE at each locus of the PvMSP1 gene showed significant differences in allele frequencies between sites. Plasmodium vivax PvMSP1 PvCSP Heterozygosity Linkage disequilibrium