Background: To compare the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and deep breathing training (DBT) in patients with
chronic renal failure.
Materials and Methods: Seventy-five participants were recruited from outpatient’s hemodialysis units. Individuals were divided into three groups; IMT, DBT and sham training (ST). The IMT group was requested to perform the Threshold Loader load of 40% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) in a set of 15 times for three sets, at 60 seconds intervals. In addition, the DBT group performed three sets of 15 inspirations with the of rate inspiration: expiration ratio (1: 1.5) and interval 60 seconds. Besides, the ST group was required to use the Threshold Loader load of 0% of the MIP 15 times for three sets, interval 60 seconds. These interventions were created for three days a week for eight weeks of the training program. The respiratory muscle strength and sixminute walk test (6MWT) were examined before and after intervention program.
Results: After intervention program, the inspiratory muscle strength was statistically significant differences between groups of IMT and ST (Δ24.10+8.13 cmH2O). Further, increased MIP values were observed between before and after intervention in both IMT and DBT groups (Δ12.44+3.55 cmH2O and Δ12.22+3.33 cmH2O, respectively). In addition, six-minute walk distance (6MWD) was a difference between before and after training in IMT group (Δ24.78+8.89 meters).
Conclusion: Improved inspiratory muscle was reported in both IMT and DBT groups. A significant improvement in 6MWD was
observed in only IMT group.

Keywords: Chronic renal failure, Hemodialysis, Inspiratory muscle strength, Functional capacity, Inspiratory muscle training, Deep breathing training