Background: Thoracic endometriosis syndromes (TES) is defined as cyclic radiological and clinical change of endometrial tissue in the thorax. Classic symptoms of catamenial pneumohemothorax (CPH) are cyclic and recurrent chest pain, chest discomfort, dyspnea and hemoptysis from spontaneous pneumothorax during menstrual period. Investigation of choice for diagnosis is computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Video assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) provides visualization of lesion and treatment.

Objective: This document aims to detail the pathological findings, clinical manifestations and initial management associated to a thoracic endometriosis.

Materials and Methods: Document and follow-up CPH found in our institution.

Results: In this case, CT and VATS were done and showed TES. We prescribed two-milligram dienogest oral daily. The patient had amenorrhea, with absence of recurrent CPH.

Conclusion: Young women with cyclic or recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax suggested the presence of TES. The most essential attentiveness is a multidisciplinary team approach which combines surgical and medical treatment for individual patient.

Keywords: Pneumothorax, Hemothorax, Pneumohemothorax, Catamenial, Thoracic endometriosis