Background: The AIMS65 score has been recognized as an accurate tool in predicting outcomes in patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH).

Objective: To determine whether outcomes for patients presenting with UGIH differ depending on low-risk (AIMS65 <2) and high-risk (AIMS65 ≥2) scores.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective comparison of in-hospital mortality, other clinical outcomes, and resource use between low-risk and high-risk UGIH patients in Hatyai Hospital between 2016 and 2017.

Results: There were 322 patients with UGIH included in the study, of whom 186 patients (57.8%) were low-risk and 136 patients (42.2%) were high-risk. When compared to low-risk patients, high-risk patients had increased risk of in-hospital mortality (11.8% vs 2.7%, p=0.001; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 4.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-12.16), needed blood transfusion (74.3% vs 39.8%, p<0.001; adjusted HR 4.23, 95%CI 2.42-7.42), endoscopic intervention (44.1% vs 24.7%, p<0.001; adjusted HR 2.06, 95%CI 1.19-3.57 ) and overall intervention (46.3% vs 24.7%, p<0.001; adjusted HR 2.19, 95%CI 1.24-3.86). There was no significant difference in rebleeding between the two groups (3.7% vs 2.2%, p=0.501; adjusted HR 1.71, 95%CI 0.43 – 6.87). High-risk patients were associated with longer hospitalization (median [IQR] = 5 [4 to 7] days vs 4 [3 to 5] days, p<0.001) and higher hospitalization cost (median [IQR] = 687.4 [450.7 to 1,023.1] vs 537.1 [388.5 to 819.1] US dollars, p<0.001).

Conclusion: The AIMS65 score is simple and accurate in predicting clinical outcomes. High-risk patients (AIMS65 ≥ 2) had increased risk of in-hospital mortality and needed of blood transfusion, endoscopic intervention, and overall intervention and were associated with greater hospital stay and cost.