Views: 1,426 | Downloads:
198
| Responses: 0
| XML | Respond to this article | Alert & updates | Request permissions | Email to a friend |
Original ArticleOpen Access
Anthropometry of Eyelid and Orbit in Four Southern Thailand Ethnic Groups
Preechawai P 
Objective: To study the basic eyelid and orbital measurement in the four main ethnic groups of southern Thailand.
Material and Method: The basic eyelid and orbital surface anatomy of 101 normal subjects aged 20-40 years old weremeasured in the four ethnic groups of which the majority of people in southern Thailand belong to: Thai, Chinese, Thai-Malay,and Thai-Chinese.
Results: Of the 101 subjects, 51 were male and 50 were female. Each ethnic group had at least 12 normal subjects.Male-female data were analyzed separately and compared between groups. The palpebral fissure heights in Thai, Chinese,Thai-Malay, and Thai-Chinese males were 9.5, 9.0, 10.2 and 9.6 mm respectively, which demonstrated statistically significantdifferences between Thai-Malay versus Thai, and Thai-Malay versus Chinese. The palpebral fissure lengths were 30.4, 29.8,30.5 and 30.5 mm, but without statistically significant differences. The marginal reflex distances were 3.2, 2.8, 3.7 and 3.1 mmrespectively with a statistically significant difference only between Thai-Malay versus Chinese. The levator functions were15.2, 15.2, 15.3 and 15.2 mm. The upper lid creases were 7.1, 4.0, 6.6, and 4.4 mm, statistically significantly different in Thaiversus Chinese, Thai versus Thai-Chinese and Chinese versus Thai-Malay. The Hertel exophthalmometer measurementswere 15.4, 16.3, 16.6 and 15.9 mm without statistically significant differences. The female measurements were overall similarto the male measurements, with some parallel differences between the groups. The eyebrow position in this age group wasmostly at and above the orbital rim in both genders and all ethnic groups. An absence of upper lid crease and an epicanthalfold were found in significantly greater numbers in the Chinese group compared to the others, while parallel lid crease wassignificantly found in greater numbers in the Thai-Malay group than in the others.
Conclusion: Different eyelid characteristics in different ethnic groups are an important feature to note when planning foreyelid surgery. As there is a wide range of ethnic groups in Asia, with many differences in eyelid characteristics, it is importantfor the ophthalmologist to be aware of and understanding these anatomical variations in clinical assessment and treatmentin Asians.
Keywords: Anthropometry, Surface anatomy, Palpebral fissure, Marginal reflex distance, Levator function, Exophthalmometricmeasurement
Material and Method: The basic eyelid and orbital surface anatomy of 101 normal subjects aged 20-40 years old weremeasured in the four ethnic groups of which the majority of people in southern Thailand belong to: Thai, Chinese, Thai-Malay,and Thai-Chinese.
Results: Of the 101 subjects, 51 were male and 50 were female. Each ethnic group had at least 12 normal subjects.Male-female data were analyzed separately and compared between groups. The palpebral fissure heights in Thai, Chinese,Thai-Malay, and Thai-Chinese males were 9.5, 9.0, 10.2 and 9.6 mm respectively, which demonstrated statistically significantdifferences between Thai-Malay versus Thai, and Thai-Malay versus Chinese. The palpebral fissure lengths were 30.4, 29.8,30.5 and 30.5 mm, but without statistically significant differences. The marginal reflex distances were 3.2, 2.8, 3.7 and 3.1 mmrespectively with a statistically significant difference only between Thai-Malay versus Chinese. The levator functions were15.2, 15.2, 15.3 and 15.2 mm. The upper lid creases were 7.1, 4.0, 6.6, and 4.4 mm, statistically significantly different in Thaiversus Chinese, Thai versus Thai-Chinese and Chinese versus Thai-Malay. The Hertel exophthalmometer measurementswere 15.4, 16.3, 16.6 and 15.9 mm without statistically significant differences. The female measurements were overall similarto the male measurements, with some parallel differences between the groups. The eyebrow position in this age group wasmostly at and above the orbital rim in both genders and all ethnic groups. An absence of upper lid crease and an epicanthalfold were found in significantly greater numbers in the Chinese group compared to the others, while parallel lid crease wassignificantly found in greater numbers in the Thai-Malay group than in the others.
Conclusion: Different eyelid characteristics in different ethnic groups are an important feature to note when planning foreyelid surgery. As there is a wide range of ethnic groups in Asia, with many differences in eyelid characteristics, it is importantfor the ophthalmologist to be aware of and understanding these anatomical variations in clinical assessment and treatmentin Asians.
Keywords: Anthropometry, Surface anatomy, Palpebral fissure, Marginal reflex distance, Levator function, Exophthalmometricmeasurement
Download:
PDF