Material and Method: Forty-three endometrioma patients who underwent laparoscopic cystectomy of endometrioma were tested for levels of serum AMH at preoperation, 1 week, and 3 months postoperation.

Results: Median serum AMH was 2.11 ng/mL (range = 0.22 to 9.24 ng/mL) before surgery. This level also reduced at first week postoperation (p < 0.01) but did not reach a significant difference between the first week and the third month (1.02 ng/mL and 1.06 ng/mL, respectively). The recovery rate of AMH level in unilateral endometrioma was higher than bilateral endometrioma (32.4% vs. -3.6%, p = 0.02).

Conclusion: Ovarian reserve was decreased after laparoscopic cystectomy of endometrioma and did not significantly restore after three months of postoperation. The recovery of ovarian reserve after unilateral endometriotic cystectomy was faster than that after bilateral endometriotic cystectomy.

Keywords: Ovarian reserve, Anti-mullerian hormone, Endometrioma, Laparoscopic cystectomy