Material and Method: A cross-sectional investigation conducted at five university hospitals around Thailand, evaluated three categories of criteria according to the RCOST and the TOPF guideline for treatment in postmenopausal women, (1) bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DXA, (2) combined quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) measurement and clinical risk indices (CRI), and (3) FRAX or CRI plus spine radiography.

Results: One thousand sixty two woman averaging 60 years of age were recruited for this study. Of those, women with osteoporosis according to DXA, osteopenia plus FRAX, or one major or two minor risk factors comprised between 1 and 22% (category I). Using the QUS T-score in combination with CRI (OSTA or KKOS score ≤ -1) or nomogram criteria, between 11 and 14.4% needed treatment (category II). Using the BMI-based FRAX calculation or CRI (OSTA score of < -4 or KKOS probability of ≥ 80%) plus osteopenia by spine radiograph, between 2.6 and 15.7% needed treatment (category III).

Conclusion: Using the RCOST and TOPF clinical practice guideline, only one-fifth of postmenopausal Thai women would be eligible to receive treatment.

Keywords: Clinical practice guideline, Osteoporosis, Treatment, Thailand