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Original ArticleOpen Access
Fractures of the Hyoid Bone and Thyroid Cartilage in Suicidal Hanging
Charoonnate N 
,
Narongchai P ,
Vongvaivet S
,
Narongchai P ,
Vongvaivet S Objective: To analyze the frequency of hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage fractures caused by suicidal hanging in Thai people
and compare the different methods of visualizing the those fractures. Results could be used for forensic purposes.
Material and Method: A prospective study of hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage fractures in Thai people who died from
suicidal hanging between November 2008 and August 2009. The authors confirmed suicides, based on history, crime scene
investigation, autopsy reports, and other police information, visual and palpatory examination, and stereomicroscopy with or
without 1% Toluidine. Neck dissection was performed following the protocol of Prinsloo and Gordon. Results and data
analysis were performed via SPSS version 16.
Results: Twenty male cases of suicidal hanging were reviewed. Fractures of the hyoid bone and/or thyroid cartilage were
found in five cases (25%). Two cases of the hyoid bone fracture, two cases of thyroid cartilage fracture, and one case was both
bone fractures. Mean age of all cases, non-fracture, and fracture cases were 42.40, 35.93, and 61.80 years, respectively. The
knot was at the back of the neck in most cases (12 cases, 60%) and at the left, front, and right in four, two, and two cases,
respectively. However, there was no relation between location of the knot at the neck and fractures of hyoid bone and thyroid
cartilage (p=1). Incomplete and complete hanging were found in 11 and nine cases. Five cases with fractures of the hyoid bone
and/or thyroid cartilage were incomplete hanging. The visual and palpatory examination did not detect the fracture of hyoid
bone in all 20 cases but stereomicroscopy and stereomicroscopy with Toluidine blue stain detected fracture in three cases. For
detecting thyroid cartilage fractures, all three methods had the same result.
Conclusion: Fractures of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage in 25% of Thais who died of suicidal hanging were related with
older ages and incomplete hanging but not related with location of the knot. The stereomicroscopic method is fast and effective
in detecting fractures of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage.
Keywords: Hyoid bone, Thyroid cartilage, Suicidal hanging, Stereomicroscopic method, Toluidine
and compare the different methods of visualizing the those fractures. Results could be used for forensic purposes.
Material and Method: A prospective study of hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage fractures in Thai people who died from
suicidal hanging between November 2008 and August 2009. The authors confirmed suicides, based on history, crime scene
investigation, autopsy reports, and other police information, visual and palpatory examination, and stereomicroscopy with or
without 1% Toluidine. Neck dissection was performed following the protocol of Prinsloo and Gordon. Results and data
analysis were performed via SPSS version 16.
Results: Twenty male cases of suicidal hanging were reviewed. Fractures of the hyoid bone and/or thyroid cartilage were
found in five cases (25%). Two cases of the hyoid bone fracture, two cases of thyroid cartilage fracture, and one case was both
bone fractures. Mean age of all cases, non-fracture, and fracture cases were 42.40, 35.93, and 61.80 years, respectively. The
knot was at the back of the neck in most cases (12 cases, 60%) and at the left, front, and right in four, two, and two cases,
respectively. However, there was no relation between location of the knot at the neck and fractures of hyoid bone and thyroid
cartilage (p=1). Incomplete and complete hanging were found in 11 and nine cases. Five cases with fractures of the hyoid bone
and/or thyroid cartilage were incomplete hanging. The visual and palpatory examination did not detect the fracture of hyoid
bone in all 20 cases but stereomicroscopy and stereomicroscopy with Toluidine blue stain detected fracture in three cases. For
detecting thyroid cartilage fractures, all three methods had the same result.
Conclusion: Fractures of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage in 25% of Thais who died of suicidal hanging were related with
older ages and incomplete hanging but not related with location of the knot. The stereomicroscopic method is fast and effective
in detecting fractures of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage.
Keywords: Hyoid bone, Thyroid cartilage, Suicidal hanging, Stereomicroscopic method, Toluidine
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