Background: The most common endocrine disorder in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is adrenocortical dysfunction. The prevalence of adrenal insufficiency in patients with AIDS is unclear, partly due to different tests, doses of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), and criteria used. In addition, there is controversy regarding the assessment of adrenal insufficiency in patients with and without critical illness.
Objective: To help clarify the prevalence of adrenal insufficiency in patients with AIDS both in critical and non-critical illness, the authors compared the prevalence based on the high-dose ACTH stimulation test.
Material and Method: There were 26 patients with AIDS (19 males and 7 females) with a mean age of 33.6 years (range: 22-46 years). Twelve and 14 patients were in critical and non-critical illness, respectively.
Result: Overall, the prevalence of adrenal insufficiency was 19.2% (5 of 26) and 30.8% (8 of 26) when a peak stimulated cortisol level of < 18 μg/dL and < 25 μg/dL was defined, respectively. The prevalence was 8.3% and 28.6% in critically and non-critically ill patients; respectively, when a peak stimulated cortisol level of < 18 μg/dL was defined. Finally, when a peak stimulated cortisol level of < 25 μg/dL was defined, the prevalence was 16.7% and 42.9% in critically and non-critically ill patients, respectively.
Conclusion: Adrenal insufficiency in patients with AIDS is more prevalent than those without HIV infection, no matter what criteria of cortisol response after ACTH test are defined. An adrenal testing should be performed in all hospitalized patients with AIDS, both in critical and non-critical illness.

Keywords: Adrenal insufficiency, AIDS, HIV, Critically ill, Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test