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Original ArticleOpen Access
Acute Diarrhea in Under Five-Year-Old Children Admitted to King Mongkut Prachomklao Hospital, Petchaburi Province
Suwatano 0 
A prospective epidemiological and clinical study of acute diarrhea in children under 5 years
old was done at King Mongkut Prachomklao Hospital in order to provide baseline data for health
officers to make a strategic plan to reduce the diarrheal mortality and morbidity, which is one of the
mid-decade goals for children. There were 105 cases of acute diarrhea patients admitted to the
Pediatric ward between May 1995 and April 1996. Seventy-six per cent of them were ir.. the younger
age group (>1 month- 2 years old) while 23.8 per cent were in the older age group (2- 5 years old).
Causative pathogens were identified in 64 patients (61% ). Younger patients had a higher percentage
of identifiable pathogens (66.7%) than older patients (44.4%). Rotavirus was the most common
pathogen isolated (17.2% ). The other common pathogens identified were Eschericia coli (14.1% ),
Campylobacter jejuni (14.1%), Shigella (12.5%), Entamoeba histolytica (7.8%) and Salmonella
(3.1% ). Mixed infections were reported in 31.3 per cent of these patients. Clinical presentations and
stool characteristics were difficult to distinguish from most of the pathogens. However, Rotavirus
was highly suspected if a younger child presented with fever, watery to loose stool with the predominant
symptom of vomiting. Mucous, mucous-bloody stool gave a clue to the diagnosis of Shigella
and Entamoeba histolytica. Most cases had at least mild to moderate dehydration, so oral rehydration
solution (ORS) was successfully given in only 31.4 per cent of patients. Antibiotics were prescribed
to 51.4 per cent of patients in this study. Healthcare personnel should emphasize to parents
and caretakers about good hygienic behavior to reduce the episodes of diarrhea and the use of ORS
every time when their children have diarrheal episodes to reduce the disease severity.
old was done at King Mongkut Prachomklao Hospital in order to provide baseline data for health
officers to make a strategic plan to reduce the diarrheal mortality and morbidity, which is one of the
mid-decade goals for children. There were 105 cases of acute diarrhea patients admitted to the
Pediatric ward between May 1995 and April 1996. Seventy-six per cent of them were ir.. the younger
age group (>1 month- 2 years old) while 23.8 per cent were in the older age group (2- 5 years old).
Causative pathogens were identified in 64 patients (61% ). Younger patients had a higher percentage
of identifiable pathogens (66.7%) than older patients (44.4%). Rotavirus was the most common
pathogen isolated (17.2% ). The other common pathogens identified were Eschericia coli (14.1% ),
Campylobacter jejuni (14.1%), Shigella (12.5%), Entamoeba histolytica (7.8%) and Salmonella
(3.1% ). Mixed infections were reported in 31.3 per cent of these patients. Clinical presentations and
stool characteristics were difficult to distinguish from most of the pathogens. However, Rotavirus
was highly suspected if a younger child presented with fever, watery to loose stool with the predominant
symptom of vomiting. Mucous, mucous-bloody stool gave a clue to the diagnosis of Shigella
and Entamoeba histolytica. Most cases had at least mild to moderate dehydration, so oral rehydration
solution (ORS) was successfully given in only 31.4 per cent of patients. Antibiotics were prescribed
to 51.4 per cent of patients in this study. Healthcare personnel should emphasize to parents
and caretakers about good hygienic behavior to reduce the episodes of diarrhea and the use of ORS
every time when their children have diarrheal episodes to reduce the disease severity.
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