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Original ArticleOpen Access
Detection of HIV-1 Window Period Infection in Blood Donors Using Borderline Anti-HIV Results, HIV-1 Proviral DNA PCR, and HIV-1 Antigen Test
Wongsena W 
,
Kunakorn M ,
Tanprasert S ,
Petchclai B
,
Kunakorn M ,
Tanprasert S ,
Petchclai B Prevention of transmission of HIV -1 via blood transfusion has been carried out by the
National Blood Center by screening donated blood with anti-HIV and HIV antigen tests. To
increase the safety measure, detection of proviral DNA by PCR has been proposed; however,
it was impractical to test all samples by PCR. From August 1994 to September 1995, there were
296,169 blood donors with 0.32 per cent prevalence of anti-HIV positive. From these donors, 153
samples of which the anti-HIV enzyme immunoassay optical density (OD) between cutoff and 80
per cent of cutoff value (borderline results) were selected for PCR testing. One out of 153 borderline
cases showed positive by PCR test for HIV-1 proviral DNA. However, this case was also
positive by HIV antigen test. Therefore, most of the samples with borderline anti-HIV results
were true negative for HIV infection. On the other hand, there were 8 HIV antigen positive samples
which had anti-HIV OD below the borderline value determined in this study. This finding confirmed
the necessity of using both the anti-HIV and HIV antigen tests for screening of donated
blood.
National Blood Center by screening donated blood with anti-HIV and HIV antigen tests. To
increase the safety measure, detection of proviral DNA by PCR has been proposed; however,
it was impractical to test all samples by PCR. From August 1994 to September 1995, there were
296,169 blood donors with 0.32 per cent prevalence of anti-HIV positive. From these donors, 153
samples of which the anti-HIV enzyme immunoassay optical density (OD) between cutoff and 80
per cent of cutoff value (borderline results) were selected for PCR testing. One out of 153 borderline
cases showed positive by PCR test for HIV-1 proviral DNA. However, this case was also
positive by HIV antigen test. Therefore, most of the samples with borderline anti-HIV results
were true negative for HIV infection. On the other hand, there were 8 HIV antigen positive samples
which had anti-HIV OD below the borderline value determined in this study. This finding confirmed
the necessity of using both the anti-HIV and HIV antigen tests for screening of donated
blood.
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