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Original ArticleOpen Access
The Clavicular Fracture : A Biomechanical Study of the Mechanism of Clavicular Fracture and Modes of the Fracture
Hamroongroj T 
,
Tantikul C ,
Keatkor S
,
Tantikul C ,
Keatkor S THOSSART HARNROONGROJ, M.D.*,
CHAICHANA TANTIKUL, M.D.*,
SAYUMPORN KEATKOR, B.Sc.
*
A clavicle is an S-shaped long bone whcse biomechanical behavior is unlike that of a
straight tubular long bone. When a clavicle is under a compression load along the axis, the force
produces a middle one-third clavicular fracture. The present study is a biomechanical study to
confirm the clinical observations of the mechanism of the fracture and to discover the tension
site and compression site of the fracture, using 12 fresh cadaveric clavicles, a universal testing
machine and two special grips. One grip was constructed with a contour like a sternoclavicular
articulation. The grip was mounted at the medial end of the clavicle. Another grip was constructed
with a contour like an acromioclavicular articulation. The grip was mounted at the lateral end
of the clavicle. A load was applied to the lateral clavicle like a force transmitting from the weight
of the shoulder girdle. A load was also applied to the medial clavicle like a force from the ster-
nocleidomastoid muscle. A compression load was applied along the axis of the testing clavicle
through the upper grips by using a universal testing machine. The result found that the average
load of the clavicular fracture was 1526.19 N. The fracture occurred at the middle one-third of
the clavicle in the region of the curve of the lateral clavicle changing to the curve of the medial
clavicle. While primatic cross section of the clavicle at the fracture site determined a tension and a
compression site of the fracture, the fracture took the superoanterior aspect of the clavicle as a
tension site and posteroinferior aspect as a compression site. The fracture had a ratio of length of
the lateral fragment to the total length of the clavicle of 0.49. This study confirmed that a
compression load along the axis of the clavicle produces a middle one-third clavicular fracture
as in clinical observation and the fracture took the superoanterior aspect of the clavicle as a
tension site.
Key word
: Clavicular Fracture, Fracture Mechanism, Compression, Long Axis, Biomechanical
Testing
CHAICHANA TANTIKUL, M.D.*,
SAYUMPORN KEATKOR, B.Sc.
*
A clavicle is an S-shaped long bone whcse biomechanical behavior is unlike that of a
straight tubular long bone. When a clavicle is under a compression load along the axis, the force
produces a middle one-third clavicular fracture. The present study is a biomechanical study to
confirm the clinical observations of the mechanism of the fracture and to discover the tension
site and compression site of the fracture, using 12 fresh cadaveric clavicles, a universal testing
machine and two special grips. One grip was constructed with a contour like a sternoclavicular
articulation. The grip was mounted at the medial end of the clavicle. Another grip was constructed
with a contour like an acromioclavicular articulation. The grip was mounted at the lateral end
of the clavicle. A load was applied to the lateral clavicle like a force transmitting from the weight
of the shoulder girdle. A load was also applied to the medial clavicle like a force from the ster-
nocleidomastoid muscle. A compression load was applied along the axis of the testing clavicle
through the upper grips by using a universal testing machine. The result found that the average
load of the clavicular fracture was 1526.19 N. The fracture occurred at the middle one-third of
the clavicle in the region of the curve of the lateral clavicle changing to the curve of the medial
clavicle. While primatic cross section of the clavicle at the fracture site determined a tension and a
compression site of the fracture, the fracture took the superoanterior aspect of the clavicle as a
tension site and posteroinferior aspect as a compression site. The fracture had a ratio of length of
the lateral fragment to the total length of the clavicle of 0.49. This study confirmed that a
compression load along the axis of the clavicle produces a middle one-third clavicular fracture
as in clinical observation and the fracture took the superoanterior aspect of the clavicle as a
tension site.
Key word
: Clavicular Fracture, Fracture Mechanism, Compression, Long Axis, Biomechanical
Testing
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