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Original ArticleOpen Access
Echocardiographically Detected Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Prevalence and Risk Factors in Thai Elderly Men and Women
Chantra S 
,
Bhuthong B
,
Bhuthong B SOMRAK CHANTRA, M.D.*,
BANHARN BHUTHONG, M.D.*
Objective: To find the prevalence of and risk factors associated with echocardio-
graphically determined left ventricular hypertrophy (L VH) in the general Thai elderly men and
women.
Background: The prevalence of LVH and risk factors is not at present available for
precise assessment of the seriousness in the general Thai population. The prevalence of L VH may
be influenced by race, obesity, age, sex and hypertension. Their effects on left ventricular mass
(L VM) have not been defined in the general Thai population.
Method: A cohort of 157 subjects 60 years of age and over was studied. L VM was
calculated using the modification of the ASE cube formula. Criteria for L VH were based on various
LVM indexation using the published conventional partition values. Univariate and multivariate
analyses with various variables were studied.
Result: M-mode echocardiographic studies of adequate quality were obtained in 125
(80%) of !57 participants. Prevalence of L VH depended on the different types of indexation. L VH
defined by 1) unindexes LVM
(~259g
in men (M),
~166
g in women (F)) was 35(28'?f ); 2)
defined by LVM/BSA
(~131
glm
1
in M,
~!00glm1
in F) 63 (50%); 3)
(~117
g/m' in M,
~104
glm'
in F) 68 (54%); 4)
(~125
g/m
2
in both M and F) 43 (34%); 5) defined by LVM/ height
(~143
g/m
in M and
~102
g/m in F) 49 (39%); 6)
(~126
g/m in M and
~105
g/m in F) 52 (42%); 7) defined by
L VM/heighe
(~51
g/m2 7 in both M and F) 62 (50%); 8)
(~50
g/m2 7 in M,
~4
7 g/m2 7 in F) 77
(62% ). The following variables independently predicted LVM in descending order of statistical
significance: BW, BMI, SBP, PP, height were the most significant (p
<
0.01 ), whereas, DBP and
gender made smaller contributions and age showed no correlation. In multivariate analysis only
BW and PP showed significant correlation with L VM in the total population.
Conclusion: LVH is a common echocardiographic finding in Thai elderly (28-627t ).
Body weight and PP are major risk factors. These findings support weight reduction and PP
control for prevention or regression of this condition. Indexing for BSA (L VM/BSA
~117
g/m'
in M,
~1
04 g/m
2
in F) reduces L VH variability in underweight, normal weight and overweight
subgroups as well as sexes.
Key word : L VH, L VMI, Echocardiogram, Thai Elderly
BANHARN BHUTHONG, M.D.*
Objective: To find the prevalence of and risk factors associated with echocardio-
graphically determined left ventricular hypertrophy (L VH) in the general Thai elderly men and
women.
Background: The prevalence of LVH and risk factors is not at present available for
precise assessment of the seriousness in the general Thai population. The prevalence of L VH may
be influenced by race, obesity, age, sex and hypertension. Their effects on left ventricular mass
(L VM) have not been defined in the general Thai population.
Method: A cohort of 157 subjects 60 years of age and over was studied. L VM was
calculated using the modification of the ASE cube formula. Criteria for L VH were based on various
LVM indexation using the published conventional partition values. Univariate and multivariate
analyses with various variables were studied.
Result: M-mode echocardiographic studies of adequate quality were obtained in 125
(80%) of !57 participants. Prevalence of L VH depended on the different types of indexation. L VH
defined by 1) unindexes LVM
(~259g
in men (M),
~166
g in women (F)) was 35(28'?f ); 2)
defined by LVM/BSA
(~131
glm
1
in M,
~!00glm1
in F) 63 (50%); 3)
(~117
g/m' in M,
~104
glm'
in F) 68 (54%); 4)
(~125
g/m
2
in both M and F) 43 (34%); 5) defined by LVM/ height
(~143
g/m
in M and
~102
g/m in F) 49 (39%); 6)
(~126
g/m in M and
~105
g/m in F) 52 (42%); 7) defined by
L VM/heighe
(~51
g/m2 7 in both M and F) 62 (50%); 8)
(~50
g/m2 7 in M,
~4
7 g/m2 7 in F) 77
(62% ). The following variables independently predicted LVM in descending order of statistical
significance: BW, BMI, SBP, PP, height were the most significant (p
<
0.01 ), whereas, DBP and
gender made smaller contributions and age showed no correlation. In multivariate analysis only
BW and PP showed significant correlation with L VM in the total population.
Conclusion: LVH is a common echocardiographic finding in Thai elderly (28-627t ).
Body weight and PP are major risk factors. These findings support weight reduction and PP
control for prevention or regression of this condition. Indexing for BSA (L VM/BSA
~117
g/m'
in M,
~1
04 g/m
2
in F) reduces L VH variability in underweight, normal weight and overweight
subgroups as well as sexes.
Key word : L VH, L VMI, Echocardiogram, Thai Elderly
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