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Original ArticleOpen Access
Differences in Bone Mineral Density and Lifestyle Factors of Postmenopausal Women Living in Bangkok and Other Provinces
Piaseu N 
,
Ongphiphadhanakul B ,
Komindr S ,
Chansirikarn S ,
Chmlurkit L ,
Rafatanavin R
,
Ongphiphadhanakul B ,
Komindr S ,
Chansirikarn S ,
Chmlurkit L ,
Rafatanavin R Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) with age is an increasing health problem, especially
for postmenopausal women. Multiple factors have been reported to affect BMD including both
genetic and environmental factors such as calcium intake and physical activity. For Thailand, people
residing in different regions may differ in BMD due to these factors. However, there is a paucity
of data concerning this issue.
The objectives of this study were to identify the lifestyle factors which may influence
BMD and to investigate the association between BMD and these factors in postmenopausal women
who have been living in Bangkok and other provinces in Thailand.
Subjects consisted of 466 postmenopausal women aged 46-90 years including 236 Bang-
kokians (116 early postmenopausals and 120 late postmenopausals) and 230 non-Bangkokians (134
early postmenopausals and 96 late postmenopausals). All were healthy and ambulatory. BMD was
measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, Expert XL). Calcium intake was assessed
by food-frequency questionnaire. Data were expressed by mean
เธ‘
SEM.
There were 22 per cent (n=52), 5.9 per cent (n=14), and 4.2 per cent (n=10) of postmeno-
pausal Bangkokians while 13.9 per cent (n=32), 4.3 per cent (n=10), and 2.2 per cent (n=5) of
postmenopausal non-Bangkokians who had low BMD at spine, femoral neck, and at both sites,
respectively. Spine BMD (SPBMD) and femoral neck BMD (FNBMD) increased significantly across
the quartiles of calcium intake in both groups of subjects (P
for postmenopausal women. Multiple factors have been reported to affect BMD including both
genetic and environmental factors such as calcium intake and physical activity. For Thailand, people
residing in different regions may differ in BMD due to these factors. However, there is a paucity
of data concerning this issue.
The objectives of this study were to identify the lifestyle factors which may influence
BMD and to investigate the association between BMD and these factors in postmenopausal women
who have been living in Bangkok and other provinces in Thailand.
Subjects consisted of 466 postmenopausal women aged 46-90 years including 236 Bang-
kokians (116 early postmenopausals and 120 late postmenopausals) and 230 non-Bangkokians (134
early postmenopausals and 96 late postmenopausals). All were healthy and ambulatory. BMD was
measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, Expert XL). Calcium intake was assessed
by food-frequency questionnaire. Data were expressed by mean
เธ‘
SEM.
There were 22 per cent (n=52), 5.9 per cent (n=14), and 4.2 per cent (n=10) of postmeno-
pausal Bangkokians while 13.9 per cent (n=32), 4.3 per cent (n=10), and 2.2 per cent (n=5) of
postmenopausal non-Bangkokians who had low BMD at spine, femoral neck, and at both sites,
respectively. Spine BMD (SPBMD) and femoral neck BMD (FNBMD) increased significantly across
the quartiles of calcium intake in both groups of subjects (P
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