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Original ArticleOpen Access
The Association of Dietary Calcium, Bone Mineral Density and Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers in Rural Thai Women
Pongchaiyakul C 
,
Kosulwat V ,
Charoenkiatkul S ,
Chailurkit L ,
Rojroongwasinkul N ,
Rajatanavin R
,
Kosulwat V ,
Charoenkiatkul S ,
Chailurkit L ,
Rojroongwasinkul N ,
Rajatanavin R Objective: To investigate the relative contribution of dietary calcium intake on bone mineral density (BMD)
and biochemical bone turnover markers in rural Thai women.
Material and Method: A cross-sectional investigation was designed in 255 rural Thai women. Usual dietary
calcium intake was determined by 3-day food records and quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. BMD
was measured by DXA. The three markers for bone turnover event: serum total alkaline phosphatase, serum
N-mid osteocalcin and type I collagen C-telopeptide, including serum calcium and were determined in 125
women in the present study.
Results: An average daily calcium intake in the present study was 265 mg/day. Two hundred and thirty three
out of 255 women (87%) consumed dietary calcium less than half of the recommended value and only 3% of
women (n = 7) had calcium intake > 800 mg/day. After controlling certain parameters: age and body mass
index, women who consumed higher amount of dietary calcium had significantly higher BMD at all sites.
Moreover, highly increased bone turnover markers were observed in those with lowest quartile calcium
intake. Women with osteopenia and osteoporosis were older, lower BMI, consumed less calcium and had
significantly higher values of all biochemical bone turnover markers than those who had normal BMD.
Conclusion: The present study showed that a habitual diet of the rural Thai population might not provide
enough calcium as needed for bone retention and for prevention of bone loss in the following years. Modification
of eating pattern by promotion of increased consumption of locally available calcium rich food may be
beneficial for prevention of osteoporosis among this population.
Keywords: Calcium, Dietary, Bone marker, Bone mineral density, Epidemiology
and biochemical bone turnover markers in rural Thai women.
Material and Method: A cross-sectional investigation was designed in 255 rural Thai women. Usual dietary
calcium intake was determined by 3-day food records and quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. BMD
was measured by DXA. The three markers for bone turnover event: serum total alkaline phosphatase, serum
N-mid osteocalcin and type I collagen C-telopeptide, including serum calcium and were determined in 125
women in the present study.
Results: An average daily calcium intake in the present study was 265 mg/day. Two hundred and thirty three
out of 255 women (87%) consumed dietary calcium less than half of the recommended value and only 3% of
women (n = 7) had calcium intake > 800 mg/day. After controlling certain parameters: age and body mass
index, women who consumed higher amount of dietary calcium had significantly higher BMD at all sites.
Moreover, highly increased bone turnover markers were observed in those with lowest quartile calcium
intake. Women with osteopenia and osteoporosis were older, lower BMI, consumed less calcium and had
significantly higher values of all biochemical bone turnover markers than those who had normal BMD.
Conclusion: The present study showed that a habitual diet of the rural Thai population might not provide
enough calcium as needed for bone retention and for prevention of bone loss in the following years. Modification
of eating pattern by promotion of increased consumption of locally available calcium rich food may be
beneficial for prevention of osteoporosis among this population.
Keywords: Calcium, Dietary, Bone marker, Bone mineral density, Epidemiology
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