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Original ArticleOpen Access
Spinal Morphine for Post-Operative Analgesia after Lumbar Laminectomy with Fusion
Yingsakmongkol W 
ANCHALEE TECHANIV ATE, MD*,
PREDEE KIATGUNGWANGLIA, MD*,
WICHARN YINGSAKMONGKOL, MD**
Background : Intrathecal administration of preservative free morphine (spinal morphine) pro-
vides excellent post-operative analgesia. Since the dura is readily accessible by the surgeon during
lumbar spinal surgery, it would be convenient and attractive to administer morphine into the spinal
space to provide adequate post-operative analgesia in these patients.
Method : A prospective randomized controlled study evaluated the post-operative analgesic
effect of spinal morphine after lumbar laminectomy with fusion. Forty patients were randomly allocated
to two groups, morphine (MO) or normal saline (NSS). Morphine 0.3 mg in normal saline 0.3 ml or
normal saline 0.3 ml was injected into the dural sac under direct visualization before closing the
wound. An intravenous PCA morphine device was provided for post-operative pain relief.
Results : Median visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were lower in the MO group at 2, 4,
24 and 48 h after surgery
(l,
l, 2.75 and 1.5 em in the MO group
vs
4.25, 4.25, 5 and 4 em in the NSS
group) (p
<
0.05). The time to first patient control analgesia (PCA) demand was delayed in the MO
group (131.7 min
vs
29.6 min) (p < 0.05). The cumulative doses of PCA morphine consumption were
lower in the MO group in the first 24 hand 24-48 h (13.7 and 15.9 mg
vs
41.3 mg and 27.1 mg) (p <
0.001 ). The incidence of pruritus was higher in the MO group in 24 h and 24-48 h (45%, and 45%
vs
5% and 10%) (p
<
0.05). The incidence and severity of nausea, vomiting and sedation were not
different. No patient developed respiratory depression or postdural puncture headache (PDPH). The
patients' satisfaction with post-operative pain management was 100 per cent in the MO group and 85
per cent in the NSS group.
Conclusion: Spinal morphine improved post-operative pain relief after lumbar laminectomy.
Key word : Spinal Morphine, Lumbar Laminectomy, Post-Operative Analgesia
PREDEE KIATGUNGWANGLIA, MD*,
WICHARN YINGSAKMONGKOL, MD**
Background : Intrathecal administration of preservative free morphine (spinal morphine) pro-
vides excellent post-operative analgesia. Since the dura is readily accessible by the surgeon during
lumbar spinal surgery, it would be convenient and attractive to administer morphine into the spinal
space to provide adequate post-operative analgesia in these patients.
Method : A prospective randomized controlled study evaluated the post-operative analgesic
effect of spinal morphine after lumbar laminectomy with fusion. Forty patients were randomly allocated
to two groups, morphine (MO) or normal saline (NSS). Morphine 0.3 mg in normal saline 0.3 ml or
normal saline 0.3 ml was injected into the dural sac under direct visualization before closing the
wound. An intravenous PCA morphine device was provided for post-operative pain relief.
Results : Median visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were lower in the MO group at 2, 4,
24 and 48 h after surgery
(l,
l, 2.75 and 1.5 em in the MO group
vs
4.25, 4.25, 5 and 4 em in the NSS
group) (p
<
0.05). The time to first patient control analgesia (PCA) demand was delayed in the MO
group (131.7 min
vs
29.6 min) (p < 0.05). The cumulative doses of PCA morphine consumption were
lower in the MO group in the first 24 hand 24-48 h (13.7 and 15.9 mg
vs
41.3 mg and 27.1 mg) (p <
0.001 ). The incidence of pruritus was higher in the MO group in 24 h and 24-48 h (45%, and 45%
vs
5% and 10%) (p
<
0.05). The incidence and severity of nausea, vomiting and sedation were not
different. No patient developed respiratory depression or postdural puncture headache (PDPH). The
patients' satisfaction with post-operative pain management was 100 per cent in the MO group and 85
per cent in the NSS group.
Conclusion: Spinal morphine improved post-operative pain relief after lumbar laminectomy.
Key word : Spinal Morphine, Lumbar Laminectomy, Post-Operative Analgesia
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