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Original ArticleOpen Access
Human Figure Drawing Test: Validity in Assessing Intelligence in Children Aged 3-10 Years
Plubrukam R 
,
Theeramanoparp S
,
Theeramanoparp S Background : Human-figure-drawing abilities are related with cognitive development in
children. As cognitive skills progress, drawing abilities also improve in details and sex differentiation.
The Goodenough-Harris (G-H) drawing test was developed to score human figure drawing with separate
norms for males and females.
Objectives : To evaluate whether the Goodenough-Barris human drawing test is valid to
classify intelligence in children aged 3-10 years.
Material and Method : Record files of 528 children aged between 3 -10 years who had
attended the Child and Adolescent Unit at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health (Children's
Hospital), Bangkok, Thailand from January 1999 to December 2001 were retrospectively reviewed.
Inclusion criteria included: 1) performing the human figure drawing test and standard intelligence tests
on the same day and 2) diagnoses were addressed.
Results :The ages of the children ranged from 3
10
/
12
years to 10
11
/
12
years with a mean age
of 7
9
/
12
years, 49.5 per cent were males and 50.5 per cent were female. The study group was diag-
nosed as pervasive development disorder 17 per cent, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 13 per
cent, and mental retardation 11.3 per cent. Overall correlation of full scale intellectual quotient (FSIQ)
from the standard intelligence test and standard scores on the Goodenough-Barris system was 0.813
(p < 0.01 ). The overall validity of the human figure drawing test in classified correct intellectual level
was 60.8 per cent but in children with an intellectual quotient (IQ) less than 70, the correct classifi-
cation was 69.2 per cent. After stratification by age, it was found that the human figure drawing test
had validity in predicting IQ below 70 in 88.7 per cent and 68.8 per cent of children aged< 6 years
and aged> 6 years respectively.
Vol. 86 Suppl 3
HUMAN FIGURE DRAWING TEST
S611
Conclusion : The human figure drawing test can be used as an additional measure of assess-
ing intelligence in young children but it should not be substituted for standard tests. The test is not
complicated, therefore, trained personnel can use it in combination with other screening tests for cogni-
tive development in children.
Key word : Human Figure Drawing Test, Validity, Intelligence, Children Aged 3-10 Years
children. As cognitive skills progress, drawing abilities also improve in details and sex differentiation.
The Goodenough-Harris (G-H) drawing test was developed to score human figure drawing with separate
norms for males and females.
Objectives : To evaluate whether the Goodenough-Barris human drawing test is valid to
classify intelligence in children aged 3-10 years.
Material and Method : Record files of 528 children aged between 3 -10 years who had
attended the Child and Adolescent Unit at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health (Children's
Hospital), Bangkok, Thailand from January 1999 to December 2001 were retrospectively reviewed.
Inclusion criteria included: 1) performing the human figure drawing test and standard intelligence tests
on the same day and 2) diagnoses were addressed.
Results :The ages of the children ranged from 3
10
/
12
years to 10
11
/
12
years with a mean age
of 7
9
/
12
years, 49.5 per cent were males and 50.5 per cent were female. The study group was diag-
nosed as pervasive development disorder 17 per cent, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 13 per
cent, and mental retardation 11.3 per cent. Overall correlation of full scale intellectual quotient (FSIQ)
from the standard intelligence test and standard scores on the Goodenough-Barris system was 0.813
(p < 0.01 ). The overall validity of the human figure drawing test in classified correct intellectual level
was 60.8 per cent but in children with an intellectual quotient (IQ) less than 70, the correct classifi-
cation was 69.2 per cent. After stratification by age, it was found that the human figure drawing test
had validity in predicting IQ below 70 in 88.7 per cent and 68.8 per cent of children aged< 6 years
and aged> 6 years respectively.
Vol. 86 Suppl 3
HUMAN FIGURE DRAWING TEST
S611
Conclusion : The human figure drawing test can be used as an additional measure of assess-
ing intelligence in young children but it should not be substituted for standard tests. The test is not
complicated, therefore, trained personnel can use it in combination with other screening tests for cogni-
tive development in children.
Key word : Human Figure Drawing Test, Validity, Intelligence, Children Aged 3-10 Years
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