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Original ArticleOpen Access
The Effects of Potassium and Magnesium Supplementations on Urinary Risk Factors of Renal Stone Patients
Jaipakdee S 
,
Prasongwatana V ,
Premgamone A ,
Reungjui S ,
Tosukhowong P ,
Tungsanga K ,
Suwantrai S ,
Noppawinyoowong BC ,
Maskasame S ,
Sriboonlue P
,
Prasongwatana V ,
Premgamone A ,
Reungjui S ,
Tosukhowong P ,
Tungsanga K ,
Suwantrai S ,
Noppawinyoowong BC ,
Maskasame S ,
Sriboonlue P The effects of potassium and magnesium supplementation on urinary risk factors for renal
stone disease were studied in 61 renal stone patients. The subjects were divided into four groups and
supplemented for a period of one month with potassium chloride (KCl, Group 1), potassium sodium
citrate (K Na citrate, Group 2), magnesium glycine (Mg glycine, Group 3) and potassium magnesium
citrate (K Mg citrate, Group 4) withเธ—a daily dose of 42 mEq potassium, 21 mEq magnesium or sodium
and 63 mEq citrate, accordingly. The results showed that serum potassium and magnesium of all four
groups normalized after the supplementation. Though urinary potassium significantly increased in all
three groups supplemented with elemental potassium containing solutions [i.e. KCl (p
< 0.()01),
K Na
citrate (p
< 0.001)
and K Mg citrate (p
< 0.001)]
only K Na citrate and K Mg citrate, caused a signi-
ficant increase in urinary pH and citrate but decrease in calcium. Supplementation with Mg glycine
in Group 3 although caused a significant increase in urinary magnesium, its effects on urinary pH,
citrate and calcium, however, were similar to KCl, in that they caused a significant decrease in urinary
pH without any change in urinary citrate or calcium. Supplementation with K Mg citrate in Group 4
seems to have given the best results, as far as lowering stone risk factors in that it caused an increase
in urinary pH, potassium and citrate and decreased calcium excretions similar to K Na citrate in Group
2. In addition, K Mg citrate also caused the enrichment of urine with magnesium, another inhibitor
of calcium-containing stones. Although the four supplements had no effect on urinary saturation of
calcium oxalate salt, their effects on the saturations of brushite (CaHP0
4
เธ—2Hp), octacalcium phosphate
(Ca
8
H
2
(P0
4
\เธ—5Hp) and uric acid were clearly associated with changes in urinary pH. Therefore, in
Group 1 and 3, subjects having a decrease in urinary pH, also experienced a significant increase in
uric acid saturation. Though the saturation of brushite and octacalcium phosphate in Group 2 and 4
and the sodium acid urate in Group 2 were significantly increased, these urinary risk factors could be
256
stone disease were studied in 61 renal stone patients. The subjects were divided into four groups and
supplemented for a period of one month with potassium chloride (KCl, Group 1), potassium sodium
citrate (K Na citrate, Group 2), magnesium glycine (Mg glycine, Group 3) and potassium magnesium
citrate (K Mg citrate, Group 4) withเธ—a daily dose of 42 mEq potassium, 21 mEq magnesium or sodium
and 63 mEq citrate, accordingly. The results showed that serum potassium and magnesium of all four
groups normalized after the supplementation. Though urinary potassium significantly increased in all
three groups supplemented with elemental potassium containing solutions [i.e. KCl (p
< 0.()01),
K Na
citrate (p
< 0.001)
and K Mg citrate (p
< 0.001)]
only K Na citrate and K Mg citrate, caused a signi-
ficant increase in urinary pH and citrate but decrease in calcium. Supplementation with Mg glycine
in Group 3 although caused a significant increase in urinary magnesium, its effects on urinary pH,
citrate and calcium, however, were similar to KCl, in that they caused a significant decrease in urinary
pH without any change in urinary citrate or calcium. Supplementation with K Mg citrate in Group 4
seems to have given the best results, as far as lowering stone risk factors in that it caused an increase
in urinary pH, potassium and citrate and decreased calcium excretions similar to K Na citrate in Group
2. In addition, K Mg citrate also caused the enrichment of urine with magnesium, another inhibitor
of calcium-containing stones. Although the four supplements had no effect on urinary saturation of
calcium oxalate salt, their effects on the saturations of brushite (CaHP0
4
เธ—2Hp), octacalcium phosphate
(Ca
8
H
2
(P0
4
\เธ—5Hp) and uric acid were clearly associated with changes in urinary pH. Therefore, in
Group 1 and 3, subjects having a decrease in urinary pH, also experienced a significant increase in
uric acid saturation. Though the saturation of brushite and octacalcium phosphate in Group 2 and 4
and the sodium acid urate in Group 2 were significantly increased, these urinary risk factors could be
256
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