Material and Method: Forty-six children and adolescents with cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to either active (1 mA anodal) or sham (placebo) tDCS over the left primary motor cortex (M1) on five consecutive days. Both group also received routine physical therapy. Measures of spasticity and passive range of motion (PROM) were administered before treatment, immediately after treatment, and at 24- and 48-hours follow-up.

Results: Participants assigned to active tDCS treatment evidenced significantly more pre- to immediately post-treatment reductions in spasticity than participants assigned to the sham (p = 0.004, p<0.001, and p = 0.004 for shoulder, wrist, and fingers respectively) and these improvement in spasticity maintained for at least 48 hours for wrist joints (p = 0.023). There was only one participant in the active tDCS condition developed erythematous rash. However, all participants tolerated the tDCS well without any serious adverse events.

Conclusion: Anodal tDCS appeared to reduce CP-related spasticity (but not PROM) in the short term. Researches examine the long term benefits of this intervention on spasticity are warranted.

Keywords: Cerebral palsy, Spasticity, Transcranial direct current stimulation, Noninvasive brain stimulation, Children