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Material and Method: A cohort of older patients aged 70 years or more who developed delirium during admittance to general medical wards at Siriraj Hospital between January and March 2009 was retrospectively investigated. A diagnosis of delirium was made by geriatricians applying DSM-IV criteria. Medical records were reviewed to identify recognition of delirium by physicians and nurses. Factors affecting mortality were investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.
Results: Of 110 patients who developed delirium, 57.3% of cases were identified as delirium by physicians, with only 14.5% of cases having their delirium documented in the discharge summary. Rate of delirium recognition among nurses was 61.8%, with a comprehensive nursing care plan developed in only 13.6% of cases. Patients with delirium that went unrecognized by attending physicians had a mortality rate of 38.3%, compared to 15.9% for the recognized delirium group (p = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, unrecognized delirium was identified as an independent risk factor for death with adjusted OR of 5.16 (95% CI 1.45-18.29).
Conclusion: Rate of unrecognized delirium by healthcare providers in this study was high, but comparable to previous studies. Moreover, under-recognition of delirium was found to lead to higher mortality. Routine screening for delirium and implementation of a proactive care plan by nurses for older patients admitted to general medical wards might be a strategy for improving this common and preventable medical condition and for lowering delirium-related mortality rates.
Keywords: Delirium, Older patients, Unrecognized, Nursing care, Mortality rate