Background: The study of metabolic syndrome after delivery and its relationship to gestational diabetes (GDM) in Thai is lacking.
Objective: To compare the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome after delivery in GDM and normal pregnant Thai women.
Material and Method: A case-control study was performed at Thammasat University Hospital. Women with previous history of GDM (n = 56) and normal pregnant women (n = 51) delivered during 2007-2013 were enrolled. All of them underwent metabolic profile evaluation and 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test in 2013-2014. Risk factors of metabolic syndrome were assessed by logistic regression model.
Results: Women were recruited a mean of 2.97+1.15 years after delivery. Compared to the control group, the mean current age, median body mass index (BMI) before pregnant, current BMI, waist/height ratio and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher in GDM group. Metabolic syndrome was more in the GDM group (26.8% (15/56) vs. 7.8% (4/51), OR 4.3, 95% CI: 1.32-13.99). Only a BMI >25 kg/m2 before index pregnancy was a significant independent factor for this condition (OR 7.18, 95% CI 1.79-28.80; p = 0.005). After delivery, GDM group had more insulin resistance, assessed by HOMA-IR, less insulin sensitivity assessed by Masuda index and QUICKI score and less insulin secretion assessed by HOMA-B, comparing to control group without metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion: Previously diagnosed GDM women have higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome after delivery. Obesity
before pregnant is a strong independent risk factor for this condition.

Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), Metabolic syndrome