Background: Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality with an incidence of 1:700
livebirths. In southern Thailand, most Down syndrome patients are referred to Songklanagarind Hospital for
surgical, medical treatment and/or stimulation intervention.
Objective: To study the clinical features and school attendance of Down syndrome children.
Material and Method: A total of 295 Down syndrome children attended Songklanagarind Hospital. The clinical features of Down syndrome, percentage of children receiving the stimulation intervention program, and attending school were studied.
Results: Congenital heart disease was found in 38.6%, gastrointestinal anomalies 16.9%, hematologic malignancy 6.1%, and thyroid disorders 11.4%. The mortality rate of Down syndrome children was 13.2%. Most children (65.6%) received the early stimulation, but only 38.9% attended the speech intervention program within the first 2 years of life. Of the total 109 Down syndrome children aged over 5 years that are still being followed, only 74 (67.9%) attended school. The school attendance was correlated with the family
income, but not correlated with the level of maternal or paternal education.
Conclusion: Congenital heart disease and gastrointestinal anomalies are commonly found in Down syndrome children. Most children received an early intervention program, but only 38.9% received speech intervention. In children aged >5 years, only 68% attended school, and school attendance was correlated with the family income.

Keywords: Down syndrome