Objective: Evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of intracameral triamcinolone acetonide and gentamicin injections compared with topical dexamethasone and tobramycin combination eye drops in cataract surgery patients.

Material and Method: The present prospective study enrolled 60 patients scheduled to receive phacoemulsification surgery. After surgery, patients were randomized to receive either single intracameral injections of triamcinolone acetonide and gentamicin followed by topical tobramycin eye drops four times daily for one week (IC TA group, n = 30), or topical dexamethasone-tobramycin combination eyedrops four times daily until no inflammation was seen (Topical group, n = 30). Postoperative evaluations included grading of anterior chamber cells, log MAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) and adverse effects.

Results: There was no significant difference between the treatment groups in anterior chamber cells at one day and one week after surgery (p = 0.50 and 0.328, respectively). However, the anterior chamber cells were significantly less in the IC TA group than in the Topical group, one month postoperatively (p = 0.006). No significant between-group difference in mean BCVA or IOP was noted at any time point (p > 0.05). No adverse effects or endophthalmitis were observed.

Conclusion: Intracameral injections of triamcinolone acetonide and gentamicin appear to be a promising treatment option for the control of post-operative inflammation following cataract surgery.

Keywords: Anti-inflammatory agents, Cataract extraction, Gentamicins, Injections, Phacoemulsification, Triamcinolone acetonide