Objective: To identify the associated factors of tuberculosis (TB) treatment success in HIV/TB co-infected patients receiving standard antituberculosis regimens.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Vajira hospital, Navamindradhiraj University,
Thailand between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2015.
Results: Of the 323 enrolled patients, 250 (77.4%) had treatment success. Independent factors associated with treatment success were CD4 cell counts above 200 cells/mm3 (odds ratio [OR] 2.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39 - 6.04; p = 0.005) and starting antiretroviral drugs while on a TB treatment course (OR 6.32, 95% CI 3.02 13.22, p<0.001). On the contrary, hepatitis B virus co-infection (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.15 - 0.91, p = 0.031) and a positive history of previous opportunistic infection (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18 - 0.92, p = 0.03) were associated with a lower chance of TB treatment success.
Conclusion: Early initiation of antiretroviral drugs within the TB treatment course increases the chance of treatment success in HIV/TB co-infected patients.

Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy, HIV, Risk factors, Treatment success outcome, Tuberculosis