Prevalence of Thalassemia in Pregnant Women at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital
Chanane Wanapirak MD*, Widhawat Muninthorn MD*, Torpong Sanguansermsri MD**, Pisawat Dhananjayanonda MSc***, Theera Tongsong MD*
Affiliation : * Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Faculty of medicine, Chiang Mai University ** Pediatric Department, Faculty of medicine, Chiang Mai University *** Clinical microscopic laboratory, Faculty of medicine, Chiang Mai University
Objective : To determine the prevalence of thalassemia including α-thalassemia-1 trait (SEA type), β-thalas-
semia trait, hemoglobin E (HbE) trait, homozygous HbE, the combination of α-thalassemia-1 (SEA type) and
β-thalassemia trait, α-thalassemia-1 (SEA type) and hemoglobin E trait, and β-thalassemia hemoglobin E
disease in pregnant women.
Method : A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on pregnant women who attended the antenatal
clinic at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, from 1 August to 31 October 2001. All subjects had blood
taken for diagnosis of thalassemia trait or diseases, based on quantitative electrophoresis, and PCR (poly-
merase chain reaction) technique
Results : 516 pregnant women were recruited. 81.0% resided in Chiang Mai province, and the remainder
were in other northern provinces of Thailand. The mean (+ SD) age was 27.7 + 6.3 years old. 5.6% of cases
had anemia. Overall prevalence of thalassemia trait was 25.4% which were classified as follows: α-thalas-
semia-1 (SEA type) trait 6.6%, β-thalassemia trait 3.7%, hemoglobin E trait 11.6%, homozygous hemoglobin
E 0.8%, the combination of α-thalassemia-1 (SEA type) and β-thalassemia trait 1.2% and the combination of
α-thalassemia-1 (SEA type) and hemoglobin E trait 1.5%. Additionally, the authors also found β-thalas-
semia hemoglobin/E disease 0.2%.
Conclusion : The prevalence of thalassemia carriers among pregnant women at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang
Mai hospital was high, indicating the necessity of a screening thalassemia program aimed at prevention and
control of this disease.
Keywords : Prevalence, Thalassemia disease, Thalassemia carrier
